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Inhalers and Spacer Devices – Everything you need to know
Inhalers are devices used to deliver medication directly into the lungs for the treatment of respiratory diseases. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases. Inhalers work by delivering medication in aerosol form, which is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose.… Continue reading
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) AKA Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt) sounds complicated. But, it’s a series of chemical reactions that cells use to process sugars. Let’s break it down into simple, easy-to-follow steps. There are two main parts: the oxidative pathway and the non-oxidative pathway. Each plays a unique role in keeping your cells… Continue reading
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Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes that are responsible for the production of energy in the form of ATP. Proteins facilitate the transport of ATP, ADP, and Pi in and out of the cell. Additionally, NADH enters through two shuttle systems. One simpler method involves the transporter for malate, bringing… Continue reading
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Kreb’s Cycle
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a vital part of cellular metabolism. It is an aerobic pathway that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The cycle links carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism and is considered an amphibolic and anaplerotic… Continue reading
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Glycogenesis
Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is stored in the form of glycogen, mainly in the liver and muscle. The glycogen stored in the liver is used for glucose homeostasis, while that stored in muscle is mainly for its own use. The process of glycogenesis occurs in the cytosol and requires ATP. It is… Continue reading
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Fates of Pyruvate
This Article Discusses the different chemical pathways pyruvate can enter after glycolysis, and the conditions in which each reaction happens Continue reading
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that is essential for the production of energy in the body. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. In this article, we are going to take a look at the biochemical reactions in glycolysis, its regulation, and some clinical applications… Continue reading
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Radial Artery
The radial artery is a major blood vessel in the human body. The radial artery has significant clinical relevance, serving as a popular site for arterial punctures and as a potential conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. Understanding the characteristics and functions of the radial artery is essential in various medical procedures and interventions: Course… Continue reading
