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Exploring the Components of Immunity
In immunology, understanding immunity means looking at its different parts, including innate and adaptive responses. Let’s start on a journey through the key players and processes that protect our bodies against germs. Innate Immunity: The First Line of Defence Barriers The body many layers of defence to fight off pathogens.. Mechanical barriers include intact skin Continue reading
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Anorectal Malformations
Did you know that 1 in 5000 babies are born without an anus? This is called an anorectal malformation also known as imperforate anus. This is a congenital condition affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 infants. We will explore the embryological basis of the condition, its clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and the surgical management strategies. The Continue reading
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The Science Of The Closed Loop Obstruction
When the bowel is obstructed in two adjacent places, it is known as a closed loop obstruction. In the case of a distal large bowel obstruction, if the ileocecal valve is competent, it creates a sealed loop. The mechanics of closed loop obstruction In any bowel obstruction, above the level of the obstruction, there is Continue reading
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Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatment
We’ve all had those days: forgetting the keys, misplacing the wallet. But have you ever forgotten the face of a loved one? Or the location of your home? That is the reality for patients living with Alzheimer’s Disease, which is the leading cause of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder composed of three main Continue reading
