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Interpretation of Abdominal Examination Findings – Flashcards
What are the infective causes of hepatomegaly?
Viral hepatitis (Icterus, tender liver)
What are the infective causes of isolated splenomegaly?
IMN, IE, Visceral leishmaniasis, Chronic malaria (tropical splenomegaly syndrome)
What are the infective causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Viral hepatitis, IMN, IE
What are the metabolic causes of hepatomegaly?
Alcoholic hepatitis (Icterus, tender liver, stigmata of chronic alcohol ingestion)
What are the metabolic causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Storage disease (Rare beyond childhood, Causes massively enlarged organs)
What are the metabolic causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Storage disease (Rare beyond childhood, Causes massively enlarged organs)
What are the neoplastic causes of hepatomegaly?
Hepatoma (Massive enlargement of the liver, hard and irregular, hepatic bruit)
What are the neoplastic causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Splenic malignancy
What are the neoplastic causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Hepatoma, Splenic malignancy
What are the hematological causes of hepatomegaly?
Do not usually cause isolated hepatomegaly
What are the hematological causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Hemolytic anemia (Pallor, icterus, evidence of iron overload); Myeloproliferative disorders (PRV – plethora, Myelofibrosis – massive spleen); Lymphoproliferative disorders (Pallor, Lymphadenopathy)
What are the hematological causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Hemolytic anemia (Pallor, icterus, evidence of iron overload); Myeloproliferative disorders (PRV – plethora, Myelofibrosis – massive spleen); Lymphoproliferative disorders (Pallor, Lymphadenopathy)
What are the autoimmune causes of hepatomegaly?
Autoimmune hepatitis (Icterus, Malar rash, alopecia); Primary biliary cirrhosis (Icterus, female, xanthelasma)
What are the autoimmune causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Autoimmune disease (SLE) (Malar rash, alopecia); Felty syndrome (Pallor, rheumatoid hands)
What are the autoimmune causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Autoimmune disease (SLE)
What are the infiltrative causes of hepatomegaly?
Amyloidosis
What are the infiltrative causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Amyloidosis
What are the infiltrative causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Amyloidosis
What are the congestive causes of hepatomegaly?
Congestive cardiac failure/RV failure (Elevated JVP, pulsatile liver)
What are the congestive causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Congestive cardiac failure/RV failure
What are the congestive causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Congestive cardiac failure/RV failure
What are the vascular – portal hypertension causes of hepatomegaly?
Cirrhosis (Stigmata of cirrhosis)
What are the vascular – portal hypertension causes of isolated splenomegaly?
Portal vein thrombosis
What are the vascular – portal hypertension causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
Cirrhosis (Stigmata of cirrhosis)
What are the causes of splenomegaly with pallor?
Hematological malignancy – Leukaemia, myeloproliferative disease
What are the causes of splenomegaly with pallor and icterus?
Hemolytic anaemia, cirrhosis with portal hypertension
What are the causes of splenomegaly with lymphadenopathy?
Lymphoma, CLL, ALL, disseminated infection – TB
What are the causes of splenomegaly with plethora?
PRV
What are the causes of splenomegaly with stigmata of IE?
IE
What are the causes of splenomegaly with rheumatoid hands?
Felty syndrome
What are the causes of mild splenomegaly?
Infection, hemolysis, Autoimmune
What are the causes of moderate splenomegaly?
Portal hypertension, hematological malignancy
What are the causes of massive splenomegaly?
CML, Myelofibrosis, malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, Splenic lymphoma
What are the causes of hepatomegaly with icterus?
Hepatoma (hard liver), metastasis (multiple nodules, autoimmune hepatitis, infective hepatitis)
What are the causes of hepatomegaly with icterus and hyperpigmentation?
Hemochromatosis
What are the causes of hepatomegaly with icterus and stigmata of CLCD?
Cirrhosis (may be hyperpigmented)
What are the causes of hepatomegaly in an obese patient with evidence of metabolic syndrome?
NASH
What are the causes of hepatomegaly with elevated JVP?
Cardiac failure
What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly with pallor?
Hematological malignancy – Leukaemia, myeloproliferative disease
What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly with pallor and icterus?
Hemolytic anaemia, cirrhosis with portal hypertension
What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly with lymphadenopathy?
Lymphoma, CLL, ALL, disseminated TB
What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly with plethora?
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