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Mechanism of Mineral Bone Disease in CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is a complex and systemic complication that arises as kidney function declines. [1] It’s a web of interconnected abnormalities. It involves mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus), hormones (parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23), and bone health. But, these abnormalities are not a single disease. They lead Continue reading
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Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that originates from the anterior (ventral) primary rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 spinal nerves. It plays a vital role in the innervation of the upper limb. Let’s explore the anatomy and components of the brachial plexus in more detail: Anatomy of the Brachial Continue reading
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Electrical Activity of the cardiac muscle
The heart has a unique electrical system that allows it to pump even when the brain is dead. This fascinating effect is enabled by several physiological phenomena, which are discussed in this article. Resting membrane potential of cardiac muscles The resting membrane potential (RMP) of the cardiac muscle is different to that of neurons and Continue reading
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Physiology Of Sleep
Success cannot be achieved at the expense of sleep. In this article we will discuss the definition, physiology, stages of the sleep cycle and its regulation. Continue reading